The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
India's current geographical and geopolitical status is defined by both geological processes, such as plate tectonics, and historical events that altered connectivity and physical boundaries.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Suez Canal was opened in 1869. This event significantly reduced the maritime distance between Europe and India by approximately 7,000 km, facilitating direct trade without circumnavigating Africa.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Indira Point, the southernmost point of the Indian Union located in the Nicobar Islands, was submerged under seawater during the Tsunami of 2004. It did not get submerged in 1947.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The northern boundary of India is defined by the Himalayas, which are geologically young fold mountains. They were formed during the Tertiary period due to the collision between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.
Key Takeaway:
The Himalayas are young fold mountains formed by tectonic collision. The southernmost point of India, Indira Point, was submerged during the 2004 Tsunami. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 is a critical historical milestone for India's trade connectivity.