Correct Option
The correct option is 2 only.
Explanation
In the functional classification of urban settlements in India, towns are categorized based on their dominant function. Garrison or Cantonment towns are a specific category of urban settlements that emerged primarily for military and defense purposes, distinct from administrative, industrial, or commercial towns.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Garrison towns did not emerge as centers of trade and commerce. Their primary origin and function were to serve as bases for the stationing of armies and defense operations. While they may have secondary commercial activities to support the military population, their foundational purpose is strategic and defensive. Towns that emerge primarily for trade are classified as Commercial Towns.
- Statement 2 is Correct. Mhow (Madhya Pradesh) and Babina (Uttar Pradesh) are prominent examples of garrison towns. These towns were developed to house military personnel, equipment, and training facilities. Other examples include Ambala, Jalandhar, and Udhampur.
Key Takeaway: Garrison (Cantonment) towns are functionally defined by their military and defense role, unlike commercial or administrative towns. Examples include Mhow, Babina, and Ambala.