The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
### Conceptual Framing
Geomorphic processes are classified into endogenic (internal) and exogenic (external) forces. Endogenic forces are further divided into diastrophism (slow movements) and sudden movements (catastrophic events like earthquakes and volcanoes). However, in broader geomorphic classifications, processes that deform the Earth's crust are collectively analyzed under diastrophic forces.
### Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Earthquakes are defined as the shaking of the Earth's surface resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere. This process inherently involves the movement (vibration and often physical displacement) of the Earth's crust. It is factually incorrect to state that they involve no movement.
- Statement 2 is Correct. According to standard physical geography classifications, diastrophism encompasses all processes that move, elevate, or build up portions of the Earth's crust. This includes orogenic (mountain building), epeirogenic (continent building), and earthquakes involving local, relatively minor movements. Therefore, earthquakes are considered a part of diastrophism in the context of crustal deformation.
- Statement 3 is Correct. Earthquakes are the primary cause and result of faulting. When accumulated stress in crustal rocks exceeds their strength, the rocks fracture along a fault plane, releasing energy. This process causes faulting, fracturing, and physical displacement of the crust.
Key Takeaway:
Earthquakes are endogenic geomorphic processes included under the broad category of diastrophism (involving local movements) and are directly responsible for crustal deformation features such as faulting and fracturing.