The correct option is (b).
Explanation
Reflection is classified into two types based on the nature of the reflecting surface: Regular (Specular) Reflection and Diffused (Irregular) Reflection.
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Diffused reflection takes place on rough or irregular surfaces such as paper, wood, or walls. Reflection that occurs on smooth, highly polished surfaces like mirrors is known as Regular Reflection.
- Statement 2 is Correct: When a beam of parallel light rays strikes a rough surface, the irregularities on the surface cause the rays to reflect in various directions. While the laws of reflection are valid at each specific point of incidence, the overall result is that the reflected rays are not parallel to one another.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Diffused reflection is essential for seeing non-luminous objects. Because the light is scattered in all directions, the object becomes visible to observers located at different positions. If reflection were only regular (like a mirror), the object would only be visible from a specific angle where the reflected rays reach the eye.
Key Takeaway: Diffused reflection occurs on rough surfaces and scatters light in multiple directions, enabling the visibility of non-luminous objects from various angles.