Correct Option
The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Diastrophism refers to all endogenic geomorphic processes that move, elevate, or build up portions of the earth’s crust. These forces operate very slowly and include orogenic processes, epeirogenic processes, earthquakes, and plate tectonics.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Orogenic processes are specifically mountain-building processes. They involve severe folding and faulting affecting long and narrow belts of the earth’s crust, rather than the simple uplift or warping of large continental areas.
- Statement 2 is Correct. Epeirogenic processes are continent-building processes. They involve the uplift or warping of large parts of the earth’s crust. These movements are primarily vertical (radial) and result in the formation of continents and ocean basins.
- Statement 3 is Correct. Plate tectonics is a key component of diastrophism. It involves the horizontal movements of crustal plates, which play a significant role in shaping the earth's surface features.
Key Takeaway
Orogenic processes relate to mountain building via folding in narrow belts (horizontal compression), whereas Epeirogenic processes relate to continent building via uplift or warping over large areas (vertical movement).