The correct option is (c).
Explanation
India possesses a rich biodiversity in its aquatic ecosystems, encompassing a vast array of fish, reptiles, and mammals distributed across freshwater and marine environments. The country's fauna includes significant populations of aquatic reptiles and a substantial share of the global fish stock.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. India has a highly diverse aquatic ecosystem with approximately 2,546 species of fish. This accounts for nearly 12% of the world’s total fish stock, which is significantly higher than the figure of 100 suggested in the statement.
- Statement 2 is Correct. The Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) is a unique crocodilian species native to the Indian subcontinent. It is the only surviving member of the family Gavialidae, making it the sole representative of this specific variety of crocodile found in the world today.
- Statement 3 is Correct. Aquatic reptiles in India, including various species of turtles and crocodiles, inhabit a wide range of ecosystems. They are found in freshwater bodies such as rivers and lakes (e.g., Mugger crocodile, freshwater turtles) as well as in saline coastal areas (e.g., Saltwater crocodile, Sea turtles).
Key Takeaway:
India hosts nearly 12% of the world's fish species and is home to the Gharial, the only surviving representative of its specific crocodilian family.