Correct Option
The correct option is (a).
Explanation
Apiculture involves the maintenance of honey bee colonies for the production of honey and wax. In India, several species of honey bees are found, which are broadly categorized into indigenous varieties and exotic (introduced) varieties used for commercial purposes.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Apis cerana indica is the domesticated subspecies of the Asiatic honey bee. It is commonly known as the Indian bee and is one of the most common indigenous species found across India.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Apis cerana indica is an indigenous species, not an imported exotic variety. The exotic variety commonly used for commercial honey production in India is Apis mellifera (Italian bee), which was introduced to increase honey yield.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The indigenous Indian bee (Apis cerana indica) generally has a lower honey collection capacity compared to the exotic Italian bee (Apis mellifera). The Italian bee is preferred in large-scale apiaries because of its high honey production, gentle nature, and ability to stay in the beehive for long periods.
Key Takeaway: Apis cerana indica is the indigenous Indian bee with moderate honey yield, whereas Apis mellifera is the exotic Italian bee introduced for its high honey production capacity and suitability for commercial apiculture.