The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Industries are classified based on the source of raw materials they utilize. The primary categories include agro-based, mineral-based, marine-based, and forest-based industries. Agro-based industries specifically process plant and animal-based products into finished goods.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Agro-based industries use agricultural produce (plant and animal-based products) as raw materials. Industries that use mineral ores as their primary raw materials are classified as mineral-based industries (e.g., iron and steel industry).
- Statement 2 is Correct. The leather industry processes animal hides and skins. Since livestock rearing is an integral part of the agricultural sector, industries deriving raw materials from animals (such as leather, dairy, and wool) are classified as agro-based industries.
- Statement 3 is Correct. Industries are also classified based on size, determined by the amount of capital invested, the number of people employed, and the volume of production. Agro-based industries can operate as small-scale industries (e.g., cottage industries like pickle making or weaving) or large-scale industries (e.g., cotton textile mills or sugar factories), depending on the scale of operations and investment.
Key Takeaway:
Agro-based industries derive raw materials from both plants (crops) and animals (livestock). Examples include food processing, vegetable oil, cotton textiles, dairy products, and leather industries.