Consider the following statements comparing Permanent and Casual workers: 1. Permanent workers get a regular salary, while casual workers earn daily wages or per task. 2. Casual workers enjoy fixed working hours similar to permanent workers. 3. Permanent workers are frequently asked to leave when the workload decreases. Which of the following statements are correct ?

Correct Option The correct option is (a). Explanation Employment in India is broadly classified based on the nature of the contract and the security associated with it. Permanent workers (regular salaried employees) are characterized by job security and social security benefits, whereas casual workers are engaged on a temporary basis without such protections. Statement-wise Analysis - Statement 1 is Correct: Permanent workers are on the regular payroll of an enterprise and receive a regular salary at specific intervals (e.g., monthly). In contrast, casual workers are not on the regular rolls and are typically remunerated through daily wages or payment per specific task performed. - Statement 2 is Incorrect: Casual workers generally do not enjoy fixed or regulated working hours to the same extent as permanent workers. Their engagement is often sporadic and dependent on the immediate demand for labor, whereas permanent workers have defined working hours and shifts protected by labor laws. - Statement 3 is Incorrect: This statement describes the condition of casual workers, not permanent ones. Permanent workers enjoy job security and cannot be easily terminated due to fluctuations in workload. Casual workers are typically the first to be asked to leave when there is a decrease in work or demand. Key Takeaway: The defining distinction between permanent and casual workers lies in job security and social security benefits (like PF, gratuity, and paid leave), which are available to permanent employees but generally denied to casual laborers.

NCERT Class 6 Economics — Chapter 2: Urban Livelihoods

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Consider the following statements comparing Permanent and Casual workers:

Permanent workers get a regular salary, while casual workers earn daily wages or per task.
Casual workers enjoy fixed working hours similar to permanent workers.
Permanent workers are frequently asked to leave when the workload decreases.

Which of the following statements are correct ?

Official previous-year question

Verified 1 Aug 2026.

Options

A1 only
B2 only
C1 and 3 only
D1, 2 and 3

Did you get this right?

Solution

Correct Option

The correct option is (a).

Explanation

Employment in India is broadly classified based on the nature of the contract and the security associated with it. Permanent workers (regular salaried employees) are characterized by job security and social security benefits, whereas casual workers are engaged on a temporary basis without such protections.

Statement-wise Analysis

Statement 1 is Correct: Permanent workers are on the regular payroll of an enterprise and receive a regular salary at specific intervals (e.g., monthly). In contrast, casual workers are not on the regular rolls and are typically remunerated through daily wages or payment per specific task performed.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: Casual workers generally do not enjoy fixed or regulated working hours to the same extent as permanent workers. Their engagement is often sporadic and dependent on the immediate demand for labor, whereas permanent workers have defined working hours and shifts protected by labor laws.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: This statement describes the condition of casual workers, not permanent ones. Permanent workers enjoy job security and cannot be easily terminated due to fluctuations in workload. Casual workers are typically the first to be asked to leave when there is a decrease in work or demand.

Key Takeaway: The defining distinction between permanent and casual workers lies in job security and social security benefits (like PF, gratuity, and paid leave), which are available to permanent employees but generally denied to casual laborers.

Your note

More from Chapter 2: Urban Livelihoods

With reference to the working conditions of street vendors, consider the following 1. They have to organise their own work, including planning purchases and setting up shops. 2. They possess permanent licenses that protect them from being dismantled by the police. 3. Food items sold by them are often prepared at home by their families who clean and sort them. Which of the following statements are correct ?

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Consider the following statements regarding the proposed government measures for street vendors: 1. The government has decided to completely ban all forms of street vending in urban areas. 2. Hawking zones have been suggested for towns and cities. 3. Mobile vendors are to be allowed to move around freely. Which of the following statements are correct ?

medium

Consider the following statements regarding permanent shops in the market: 1. They are given a licence to do business by the Municipal Corporation. 2. The shop owners themselves decide the weekly closing day without any regulation. 3. Permanent shop owners are prohibited from employing any workers. Which of the following statements are correct ?

medium

Consider the following statements comparing street vendors and market shop owners: 1. Street vendors have no security of tenure, while market shop owners have permanent licenses. 2. Street vendors always employ more workers than permanent shop owners. 3. Both groups operate within the urban economy, though with different levels of security. Which of the following statements are correct ?

hard

In the context of casual employment in the unorganized sector, which of the following is a common consequence for workers who demand better pay or working conditions?

easy

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Correct Option

The correct option is (a).

Explanation

Statement-wise Analysis

Statement 1 is Correct: Permanent workers are on the regular payroll of an enterprise and receive a regular salary at specific intervals (e.g., monthly). In contrast, casual workers are not on the regular rolls and are typically remunerated through daily wages or payment per specific task performed.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: Casual workers generally do not enjoy fixed or regulated working hours to the same extent as permanent workers. Their engagement is often sporadic and dependent on the immediate demand for labor, whereas permanent workers have defined working hours and shifts protected by labor laws.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: This statement describes the condition of casual workers, not permanent ones. Permanent workers enjoy job security and cannot be easily terminated due to fluctuations in workload. Casual workers are typically the first to be asked to leave when there is a decrease in work or demand.