The correct option is (c).
Explanation
The position of the Earth relative to the Sun during the Equinox. An equinox occurs when the plane of Earth's equator passes through the geometric center of the Sun's disk. This phenomenon happens twice a year, around 21st March (Vernal Equinox) and 23rd September (Autumnal Equinox).
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. On 21st March, the Earth is in a position where its axis is tilted neither towards nor away from the Sun. The North Pole is tilted towards the Sun on 21st June (Summer Solstice), not on 21st March.
- Statement 2 is Correct. During an equinox (both 21st March and 23rd September), neither the North Pole nor the South Pole is inclined towards the Sun. As a result, the circle of illumination passes directly through both poles, and the entire Earth experiences equal days and equal nights.
- Statement 3 is Correct. On 21st March, the Sun's rays fall vertically on the Equator at noon. This direct angle of incidence results in maximum insolation at the Equator and equal distribution of solar energy between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Key Takeaway: On 21st March and 23rd September (Equinoxes), the Sun is vertically overhead at the Equator, and neither pole is tilted towards the Sun, resulting in equal day and night duration across the globe.