The correct option is 1 only
Explanation
The Nayaka school of painting (17th-18th centuries) emerged as an extension of the Vijayanagara style in Tamil Nadu, primarily flourishing in centres like Madurai, Thanjavur, and Thiruparakunram. These paintings are typically murals found on temple walls and ceilings.
- Statement 1 is Correct: At Thiruparakunram, mural paintings are preserved from two distinct historical phases: the early period dating to the 14th century and the later period belonging to the 17th century (Nayaka era).
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The early paintings at Thiruparakunram depict scenes from the life of Mahavira, reflecting Jain influence, rather than the life of the Buddha.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The art of the Nayaka period is predominantly religious in nature. The paintings at Thiruparakunram and other Nayaka sites extensively depict episodes from the Mahabharata, the Ramayana, and scenes from Krishna-leela. They are not strictly secular.
Key Takeaway: Thiruparakunram houses murals from two periods; the early 14th-century paintings are Jain (depicting Mahavira), while the 17th-century Nayaka paintings are Hindu (depicting epics and Puranic themes).