The correct option is (b)
Explanation
The term "Government" in a broad political sense encompasses three distinct organs: the
Legislature (which makes laws), the
Executive (which implements laws), and the
Judiciary (which interprets laws and resolves disputes). While the Judiciary is independent in its functioning to ensure impartiality, it is structurally an integral part of the government framework.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect.
The Judiciary (courts) is one of the three key organs of the government. When a dispute arises-whether between citizens, between citizens and the government, or between two state governments-it is resolved by the courts. Since the courts are part of the state structure, disputes are resolved by institutions within the government framework, not outside it.
- Statement 2 is Correct.
Criminal law deals with conduct that the law defines as an offense against the public, society, or the state (e.g., theft, murder). When a crime is committed, it is not treated merely as a private dispute between two individuals; it is considered a violation of the law of the land. Consequently, the government (through the police and public prosecutors) plays an active role in the legal recourse by investigating the crime and prosecuting the accused in court.
Key Takeaway
The Judiciary is the third organ of the government, responsible for administering justice. In criminal cases, the State (government) acts as the prosecutor because crimes are considered offenses against society at large.