The correct option is (c).
Explanation
The global distribution of water resources and the fundamental mechanics of the hydrological cycle. It distinguishes between the total surface coverage of water and the actual volume available for consumption.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: Approximately 71% (roughly two-thirds) of the Earth's surface is covered with water. This extensive coverage is why Earth is often referred to as the "Blue Planet."
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Although water covers most of the Earth, about 97% of it is saline water found in oceans and seas, which is unfit for direct human consumption. Only about 3% is fresh water. Of this fresh water, the vast majority is locked in ice caps, glaciers, or deep underground aquifers. Therefore, a very small fraction (less than 1%) is readily available for human use.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Oceans act as the primary reservoir for the global water cycle. Through evaporation, water from the oceans enters the atmosphere, leaving salts behind. This moisture eventually condenses and falls as precipitation (rain or snow), replenishing freshwater sources on land.
Key Takeaway: While Earth is water-abundant in terms of surface area, it is water-scarce in terms of consumable fresh water, as the vast majority exists as saline ocean water.