The correct option is (a).
Explanation
Reflection of light is classified into two primary types based on the texture of the reflecting surface: regular (specular) reflection and irregular (diffuse) reflection. The behavior of parallel rays of light differs significantly between these two types.Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: Regular reflection takes place from a smooth, highly polished surface, such as a plane mirror or a sheet of still water. On such surfaces, the angle of incidence is identical for all parallel rays in a beam.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Regular reflection is the mechanism responsible for the formation of clear images. For example, the image seen in a plane mirror is formed due to regular reflection. Irregular (diffuse) reflection allows objects to be seen from various angles but does not form a distinct image.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: In regular reflection, a beam of parallel incident rays remains parallel after reflection. If parallel rays are reflected in different directions (scattered), the phenomenon is called irregular or diffuse reflection, which occurs on rough surfaces.
Key Takeaway: Regular reflection occurs on smooth surfaces where parallel incident rays remain parallel after reflection, enabling image formation. Diffuse reflection occurs on rough surfaces, scattering light in multiple directions.