The correct option is 1 only
Explanation
Pastoral nomadism is a primitive subsistence activity in which herders rely on animals for food, clothing, shelter, tools, and transport. It is a form of land use adapted to regions where climatic conditions are too harsh for settled agriculture.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Mobility is the defining characteristic of pastoral nomadism. Herders move from place to place with their livestock in search of pastures and water. This movement is often cyclical or seasonal (transhumance).
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Pastoral nomadism is highly dependent on climatic conditions. The availability of natural pastures and water sources is directly dictated by the climate. Extreme weather events, droughts, or harsh winters significantly impact the survival of herds and the movement patterns of nomads.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Pastoral nomadism is primarily a subsistence activity intended to meet the immediate needs of the herder's family or tribe. It does not produce large marketable surpluses for international trade. Large-scale production for trade is a characteristic of Commercial Livestock Rearing, which is capital-intensive and organized on a scientific basis.
Key Takeaway
Key Takeaway: Pastoral nomadism is a subsistence-based, mobile system dependent on natural vegetation, whereas Commercial Livestock Rearing is a capital-intensive, stationary, and market-oriented system.