Correct Option
The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
India’s geographical location is defined by its latitudinal and longitudinal extent. It is crucial to distinguish between the extent of the mainland and the extent of the entire Indian Union, which includes island territories.
Statement 1 is Incorrect: The mainland of India extends from the Union Territory of Ladakh (specifically Indira Col) in the north to Kanniyakumari in the south. Himachal Pradesh lies south of Ladakh and Jammu & Kashmir, and thus does not represent the northernmost limit of the country. The mainland latitudinal extent is roughly 8°4' N to 37°6' N.
Statement 2 is Correct: India's territorial limit extends towards the sea up to 12 nautical miles (approximately 21.9 km) from the coastal baseline. This zone is considered part of the sovereign territory of the country.
Statement 3 is Correct: While the mainland ends at 8°4' N (Kanniyakumari), the southern boundary of the Indian Union in the Bay of Bengal extends up to 6°45' N. This point is known as Indira Point and is located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Key Takeaway: The northernmost point of India is in Ladakh, not Himachal Pradesh. The southernmost point of the Indian Union (Indira Point, 6°45' N) is further south than the mainland tip (Kanniyakumari, 8°4' N).