Correct Option
The correct option is (b).
Explanation
Human settlements and activities are significantly influenced by the nature of landforms. Different terrains, such as mountains, plateaus, and plains, offer varying degrees of suitability for habitation, agriculture, and infrastructure development.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Life is generally more difficult in mountain areas compared to plains. The rugged topography, steep slopes, and harsh climatic conditions make the construction of transport networks and the cultivation of crops challenging. In contrast, plains provide flat land which is easier to inhabit and cultivate.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Natural calamities such as earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, and storms are often associated with specific geomorphic processes and landforms. These events frequently cause widespread destruction of life and property.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Fertile land is a scarce and valuable resource essential for agriculture and food security. Constructing houses or industries on fertile land is considered a wasteful and unwise use of land resources, as it diminishes the agricultural potential of the region.
Key Takeaway: Plains are generally the most suitable landforms for human habitation and agriculture due to flat terrain and fertile soil, whereas mountainous regions present significant challenges. Sustainable land use requires preserving fertile land for agriculture rather than construction.