The correct Answer is Pair C
Explanation
Federations are formed through two primary routes: 'coming together' federations and 'holding together' federations. These routes differ based on the historical context, the nature of the constituent units, and the distribution of power between the central government and the constituent units.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Pair A: Coming Together - Spain
- Incorrect. Spain is an example of a 'holding together' federation. In a 'holding together' federation, a large country decides to divide its power between the constituent states and the national government. Spain, like India and Belgium, exemplifies this model where the central government retains significant power, and constituent units are created or reorganized within an existing state.
- Pair B: Holding Together - USA
- Incorrect. The USA is an example of a 'coming together' federation. In a 'coming together' federation, independent states voluntarily come together on their own to form a larger unit. This increases their security by pooling sovereignty and retaining identity. The USA, Switzerland, and Australia are examples where independent states merged to form a federation.
- Pair C: Coming Together - Australia
- Correct. Australia is an example of a 'coming together' federation. Independent colonies in Australia united to form the Commonwealth of Australia, pooling their sovereignty while retaining significant autonomy.
- Pair D: Holding Together - Switzerland
- Incorrect. Switzerland is an example of a 'coming together' federation. Independent cantons (states) in Switzerland voluntarily united to form a larger federal entity, characteristic of the 'coming together' model.
Key Takeaway
The distinction between 'coming together' and 'holding together' federations lies in whether independent states unite to form a larger entity (coming together) or a large country divides its power among constituent units (holding together).