The correct option is 1 and 2 only
Explanation
Reproduction in organisms is broadly classified into asexual reproduction (involving a single parent) and sexual reproduction (involving the fusion of gametes). Different species utilize specific methods suited to their biological complexity and environment.- Pair 1 is correctly matched: Binary Fission is a form of asexual reproduction where a parent cell divides into two equal halves, each becoming an independent individual. This is the primary mode of reproduction for unicellular organisms like Amoeba and Paramecium.
- Pair 2 is correctly matched: Budding is an asexual reproduction method where a new individual develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site. This is characteristic of Yeast and Hydra. In yeast, the bud remains attached initially and then separates to mature.
- Pair 3 is incorrectly matched: Fish generally undergo external fertilization. In this process, the female releases eggs into the water, and the male releases sperm over them (spawning). Fusion of gametes occurs outside the female body. While exceptions exist (e.g., sharks/rays have internal fertilization), the general biological classification for fish places them under external fertilization, distinct from mammals and birds which undergo internal fertilization.
Key Takeaway: Unicellular organisms like Amoeba and Yeast reproduce asexually via binary fission and budding, respectively. Most aquatic animals, including fish and amphibians, exhibit external fertilization.