The correct option is All four pairs
Explanation
The Peninsular drainage system is characterized by fixed courses, the absence of meanders, and non-perennial flow of water. The major rivers of the peninsula flow either into the Bay of Bengal or the Arabian Sea, largely determined by the water divide formed by the Western Ghats.
- Pair 1 is correctly matched: The Narmada originates on the western flank of the Amarkantak plateau. It flows towards the west in a rift valley formed due to faulting between the Vindhya Range to the north and the Satpura Range to the south.
- Pair 2 is correctly matched: The Tapi is the other important westward-flowing river. It originates from Multai in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. It flows parallel to the Narmada but is shorter in length.
- Pair 3 is correctly matched: The Godavari is the largest Peninsular river system and is also known as the 'Dakshin Ganga'. Its drainage basin is the largest among the peninsular rivers, covering parts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh.
- Pair 4 is correctly matched: The Mahanadi rises in the highlands of Chhattisgarh (near Sihawa in Raipur district). It flows through Odisha to discharge its water into the Bay of Bengal.
Key Takeaway: The Narmada and Tapi are the primary west-flowing rivers of Peninsular India that flow through rift valleys, whereas the Godavari and Mahanadi are major east-flowing rivers that form extensive deltas.