The correct option is (c).
Explanation
In botany, edible plant parts are classified based on their developmental origin. A fruit is defined as the ripened ovary of a flower, usually containing seeds, while roots, stems, and leaves are vegetative structures.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Chilli is botanically a fruit (specifically a berry), not a modified root. It develops from the fertilized ovary of a flower and contains seeds. Roots are typically underground structures used for absorption and anchorage (e.g., carrot, radish).
- Statement 2 is Correct. Soybean oil is extracted from the seeds of the soybean plant (Glycine max). The soybean is a legume, and its seeds are a major source of vegetable oil and protein.
- Statement 3 is Correct. Pumpkin is botanically a fruit. It develops from the flower of the plant and contains seeds within. While often cooked as a vegetable, it meets the scientific definition of a fruit (specifically a pepo).
Key Takeaway:
Botanically, any produce that develops from a flower's ovary and encloses seeds (such as chillies, tomatoes, pumpkins, and cucumbers) is classified as a fruit, distinct from vegetative parts like roots, stems, or leaves.