The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Heavy rainfall significantly impacts the hydrological cycle by increasing surface runoff and discharge into water bodies. These events often exceed the capacity of natural and artificial drainage systems, leading to various physical consequences on the landscape and human settlements.
Statement 1 is Incorrect: Heavy rains increase the volume of water flowing into rivers through surface runoff and direct precipitation. Consequently, this leads to a rise in the water levels of rivers, rather than a decrease. A decrease in water levels is typically associated with droughts or dry seasons.
Statement 2 is Correct: When heavy rains cause river water levels to rise significantly, the water may breach riverbanks, leading to floods. This results in the submergence of nearby villages, cities, and agricultural lands, causing damage to infrastructure and displacement of populations.
Statement 3 is Correct: In low-lying areas where natural drainage is slow or artificial drainage is inadequate, heavy rains lead to the accumulation of water. This phenomenon, known as waterlogging, saturates the soil and causes standing water, which can disrupt transport and damage crops.
Key Takeaway: Heavy rainfall invariably leads to an increase in river water levels, which can result in flooding (submergence of settlements) and waterlogging in areas with poor elevation or drainage.