The correct option is 1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation
The Peninsular Plateau is one of the oldest and most stable landmasses in India, composed primarily of Archaean gneisses and granites. Its physiography is characterized by a variety of relief features resulting from long periods of weathering, faulting, and erosion.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- 1. Tors (Correct): Tors are isolated, pile-like masses of jointed, weathered rock, typically granite. They are a common feature in the Peninsular Plateau, particularly in areas like Hyderabad and Karnataka, where spheroidal weathering of granitic rocks occurs.
- 2. Block Mountains (Correct): Block mountains (horsts) are formed when the earth's crust bends or cracks due to tectonic forces. The Satpura and Vindhya ranges in the Peninsular Plateau are classic examples of block mountains formed by faulting.
- 3. Rift Valleys (Correct): A rift valley is a linear lowland between several highlands or mountain ranges created by the action of a geologic rift or fault. The Narmada, Tapi, and Damodar rivers flow through rift valleys within the Peninsular region.
- 4. Quartzite Dykes (Correct): Dykes are vertical or near-vertical intrusive igneous rock bodies. The Peninsular shield is traversed by numerous dykes, often composed of dolerite or quartzite. These quartzite dykes stand out as ridges because they are more resistant to erosion than the surrounding rocks.
Key Takeaway:
The Peninsular Plateau exhibits diverse relief features including block mountains, rift valleys, tors, and dykes, which signify its complex geological history involving faulting, intrusion, and differential weathering.