The correct option is 1, 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
India's cropping seasons are primarily classified into three categories: Kharif, Rabi, and Zaid. The classification is based on the sowing and harvesting periods relative to the monsoon winds. Kharif crops are sown with the onset of the South-West Monsoon (June-July) and harvested in September-October.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- 1. Paddy: Correct. Paddy (Rice) is the principal Kharif crop in India. It requires high temperature, high humidity, and significant rainfall (above 100 cm), making the monsoon season essential for its growth.
- 2. Maize: Correct. Maize is a Kharif crop that requires temperatures between 21°C to 27°C and grows well in old alluvial soil. While it is cultivated as a Rabi crop in some states like Bihar, it is primarily classified as Kharif.
- 3. Tur (Arhar): Correct. Tur (Pigeon Pea) is a major pulse crop grown during the Kharif season. It takes a long time to mature (often 6-9 months) but is sown at the beginning of the monsoon.
- 4. Wheat: Incorrect. Wheat is the most important Rabi crop. It is sown in the winter season (October to December) and harvested in the summer (April to June). It requires cool growing conditions and bright sunshine at the time of ripening.
Key Takeaway:
Kharif crops include Rice, Maize, Jowar, Bajra, Tur (Arhar), Moong, Urad, Cotton, Jute, Groundnut, and Soybean. Rabi crops include Wheat, Barley, Peas, Gram, and Mustard.