Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Industries are classified based on the raw materials they utilize, such as agro-based, mineral-based, marine-based, and forest-based industries. The location of these industries is significantly influenced by the nature, weight, and perishability of the raw materials involved.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Mineral-based industries use mineral ores as their raw materials. Many of these raw materials (e.g., iron ore, coal, limestone) are heavy, bulky, and weight-losing during the manufacturing process. To minimize transportation costs, these industries tend to locate near the source of raw materials.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Forest-based industries utilize forest produce as their primary raw materials. Timber is a fundamental input for industries such as furniture making, construction, and the paper and pulp industry. Therefore, they rely heavily on timber and other wood products.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The chemical industry is diverse and uses a wide range of raw materials. Basic chemical industries utilize natural minerals like salt, sulphur, limestone, and coal to produce chemicals such as sulphuric acid, soda ash, and caustic soda.
Key Takeaway: Industrial location is governed by the cost of transporting raw materials; weight-losing mineral-based industries locate near mines, while forest-based industries depend directly on timber and forest produce.