The correct option is 1 only
Explanation
Modern industry is defined by the application of scientific methods and technology to production. A central feature of this system is mechanization, which involves using machines and automated systems to perform tasks previously done by human labor. This shift fundamentally alters the nature and volume of production.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Modern industry is characterized by mechanization. Advanced manufacturing relies on power-driven machinery, automation, and complex technological systems to ensure precision and efficiency. This distinguishes modern industrial processes from traditional craft or cottage industries.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Mechanization leads to an increase in the scale of production, not a decrease. The primary purpose of introducing machinery is to produce goods in large quantities (mass production) at a faster rate and lower unit cost. Consequently, mechanization is directly associated with large-scale production.
Key Takeaway: Mechanization allows for mass production and economies of scale, enabling modern industries to produce vast quantities of goods far exceeding the capacity of manual labor.