The correct option is (c).
Explanation
The concept of secularism varies across different constitutional frameworks. The United States follows the model of "strict separation" or "mutual exclusion" between the State and religion, whereas the Indian model follows "principled distance," allowing for intervention to ensure equality and reform.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Assertion (A): Correct. The First Amendment of the US Constitution creates a "wall of separation" between the Church and the State. This implies a mutual exclusion where the State does not intervene in the internal affairs of religion, and religion does not dictate State policy.
- Reason (R): Incorrect. Under the US model of strict separation, the State is generally prohibited from providing financial aid to religious institutions. The Establishment Clause forbids the government from supporting any religious activity or institution. In contrast, the Indian Constitution (Article 30) allows the State to provide aid to educational institutions maintained by religious minorities, provided there is no discrimination.
Key Takeaway:
The US model of secularism is based on the strict separation of religion and State, prohibiting both state intervention in religious affairs and state funding for religious institutions. The Indian model allows for principled intervention and financial aid.