Excretory Products and their Elimination PYQ

Given below are two statements: Statements I: Concentrated urine is formed due to counter current mechanism in nephron. Statement II: Counter current mechanism helps to maintain osmotic gradient in the medullary interstitium. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

Choose the correct statement given below regarding juxta medullary nephron.

Given below are two statements : Statement I : In the nephron, the descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water and permeable to electrolytes. Statement II : The proximal convoluted tubule is lined by simple columnar brush border epithelium and increases the surface area for reabsorption. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the option given below :

Match List I and List II <table class="pyq-table"><tbody><tr><td></td><td>List I</td><td></td><td>List II</td></tr><tr><td>A</td><td>Taenia</td><td>I</td><td>Nephridia</td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>Paramoecium</td><td>II</td><td>Contractile vacuole</td></tr><tr><td>C</td><td>Periplaneta</td><td>III</td><td>Flame cells</td></tr><tr><td>D</td><td>Pheretima</td><td>IV</td><td>Urecose gland</td></tr></tbody></table>Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Given below are statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. Assertion A: Nephrons are of two types: Cortical and Juxta medullary, based on their relative position in cortex and medulla. Reason R: Juxta medullary nephrons have short loop of Henle whereas, cortical nephrons have longer loop of Henle. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Arrange the events of Renin - Angiotensin mechanism in correct sequence. (A) Activation of JG cells and release of renin. (B) Angiotensin II activates release of aldosterone. (C) Fall in glomerular blood pressure. (D) Reabsorption of $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$and water from distal convoluted tubule. (E) Angiotensinogen is converted to Angiotensin I and then to Angiotensin II. Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). Assertion (A) : Ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water and allows transport of electrolytes actively or passively. Reason (R) : Dilution of filtrate takes place due to efflux of electrolytes in the medullary fluid. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Select the correct statements. (a) Angiotensin II activates the cortex of adrenal gland to release aldosterone. (b) Aldosterone leads to increase in blood pressure. (c) ANF acts as a check on renin-angiotensin mechanism. (d) $\mathrm{ADH}$ causes vasodilation. (e) Vasopressin is released from adenohypophysis. Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Nitrogenous waste is excreted in the form of pellet or paste by:

Erythropoietin hormone which stimulates RBC formation is produced by:

The increase in osmolarity from outer to inner medullary interstitium is maintained due to : (i) Close proximity between Henle's loop and vasa recta (ii) Counter current mechanism (iii) Selective secretion of ${\mathrm{HCO}}_{3}$$-$ and hydrogen ions in $\mathrm{PCT}$ (iv) Higher blood pressure in glomerular capillaries

Select the correct statement:

Which of the following would help in the prevention of diuresis?

Match the items in Column-I with those in Column II  Select the correct option from the following

Which of the following factors is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine?

Match the following parts of a nephron with their function.  Select the correct option from the following

Use of an artificial kidney during hemodialysis may result in: $(a)$ Nitrogenous waste build-up in the body $(b)$ Non-elimination of excess potassium ions $(c)$ Reduced absorption of calcium ions from gastro-intestinal tract $(d)$ Reduced RBC production Which of the following option is the most appropriate?

Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below: <table class="pyq-table"><tbody><tr><td></td><td>Column - I</td><td></td><td>Column - II (Part</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Function</td><td></td><td>Part of Excretory System)</td></tr><tr><td>a.</td><td>Ultrafiltration</td><td>i.</td><td>Henle's loop</td></tr><tr><td>b.</td><td>Concentration of urine</td><td>ii.</td><td>Ureter</td></tr><tr><td>c.</td><td>Transport of urine</td><td>iii.</td><td>Urinary bladder</td></tr><tr><td>d.</td><td>Storage of urine</td><td>iv.</td><td>Malpighian corpuscle</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>v.</td><td>Proximal convoluted tubule</td></tr></tbody></table>

Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below: <table class="pyq-table"><tbody><tr><td></td><td>Column - I</td><td></td><td>Column - II</td></tr><tr><td>a.</td><td>Glycosuria</td><td>i.</td><td>Accumulation of uric acid in joints</td></tr><tr><td>b.</td><td>Gout</td><td>ii.</td><td>Mass of crystallized salts within the kidney</td></tr><tr><td>c.</td><td>Renal calculi</td><td>iii.</td><td>Inflammation in glomeruli</td></tr><tr><td>d.</td><td>Glomerular nephritis</td><td>iv.</td><td>Presence of glucose in urine</td></tr></tbody></table>

Which of the following statements is correct?

A decrease in blood pressure/volume will not cause the release of

The part of nephron involved in conditional reabsorption of sodium is