NEET UG 2024 — Ecosystem

In an ecosystem if the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of first trophic level is $100 x\left(\mathrm{kcal} \mathrm{m}^{-2}\right) \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$, what would be the GPP (Gross Primary Productivity) of the third trophic level of the same ecosystem?

Consider the pyramid of energy of an ecosystem given below:  If $T_4$ is equivalent to 1000 J , what is the value at $T_1$ ?

Which one of the following is not a limitation of ecological pyramids?