Correct Option
Assertion (A) states that Bangalore receives much higher average annual rainfall than that of Mangalore. This statement is false. Bangalore is located on the interior Deccan Plateau, lying in the rain-shadow region (leeward side) of the Western Ghats. It receives an average annual rainfall of approximately 900 mm. In contrast, Mangalore, situated on the coastal plain and the windward side of the Western Ghats, receives significantly higher rainfall, typically averaging around 3,500 mm annually, primarily from the Southwest Monsoon. Thus, Assertion (A) is factually incorrect.
Reason (R) states that Bangalore has the benefit of receiving rainfall both from southwest and northeast monsoons. This statement is true. Bangalore experiences rainfall during the Southwest Monsoon period (June to September) and also receives precipitation from the retreating or Northeast Monsoon (October to November). This dual influence contributes to its bimodal rainfall pattern. Thus, Reason (R) is factually correct.
Since Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true, option (d) is the correct choice.
Incorrect Options
Options (a), (b), and (c) are incorrect because Assertion (A) is false. Option (a) and (b) are incorrect as they premise that both A and R are individually true. Option (c) is incorrect as it states that A is true, which contradicts the factual rainfall data and geographical positioning of Bangalore and Mangalore.