Correct Option
The fig tree (Ficus species) exhibits a unique and obligate mutualistic relationship with fig wasps (Agaonidae family). This is a classic example of coevolution, where each species of fig is pollinated exclusively by one or a few highly specific species of fig wasps. The female fig wasp enters the syconium (the inverted inflorescence of the fig), lays its eggs, and in the process, pollinates the fig flowers. In return, the fig provides a protected environment and nourishment for the wasp larvae. Neither the fig nor its specific pollinator wasp can complete its life cycle without the other, demonstrating a complete interdependence that has evolved over millions of years.
Incorrect Options
Mahua (Madhuca longifolia) flowers are pollinated by a variety of generalist insects, including bees and beetles. It does not depend on a single, coevolved insect species for pollination.
Sandalwood (Santalum album) is pollinated by various insects such as bees and flies. There is no exclusive or obligate relationship with a specific insect pollinator.
Silk Cotton (Ceiba pentandra) is primarily pollinated by bats and bees. Its pollination is not restricted to a single, coevolved insect species.