Correct Option
Statement 1 is correct. The dugong (Dugong dugon), also known as the 'sea cow', is a large marine mammal. It is strictly herbivorous, feeding primarily on seagrasses. This dietary habit makes it an important component of seagrass ecosystems, contributing to their health and biodiversity.
Statement 3 is correct. In India, the dugong is afforded the highest level of legal protection. It is listed under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. This classification provides absolute protection against hunting, poaching, and commercial exploitation, reflecting its endangered status and conservation priority.
Incorrect Options
Statement 2 is incorrect. Dugongs are not distributed along the entire coast of India. Their presence is geographically restricted to specific areas that provide suitable seagrass habitats. In India, these primary habitats include the Gulf of Mannar, Palk Bay, and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
Option (1) is incorrect because Statement 2 is false.
Option (2) is incorrect because it includes only Statement 2, which is false.
Option (4) is incorrect because it omits Statement 1, which is a correct description of the dugong.