Correct Option
The demographic dividend refers to the economic growth potential that can arise when the share of the working-age population (typically 15-64 years) is larger than the non-working-age share. To fully capitalize on this demographic window, India must ensure its large working-age population is productive and employable. Promoting skill development directly addresses this by enhancing the capabilities and employability of the workforce, enabling them to contribute effectively to economic output. This transforms the potential dividend into actual economic growth.
Incorrect Options
Option (b): Introducing more social security schemes. While social security schemes are vital for welfare and poverty reduction, they primarily provide a safety net rather than directly enhancing the productivity or employability of the working-age population, which is central to realizing the demographic dividend.
Option (c): Reducing infant mortality rate. Reducing infant mortality is a crucial indicator of public health and overall human development. However, its direct impact is on reducing the dependent population (children) and improving the quality of life, rather than immediately equipping the existing working-age population with skills or employment opportunities to leverage the demographic dividend.
Option (d): Privatization of higher education. Privatization of higher education might improve efficiency or access for some, but it does not inherently guarantee universal access to quality education or skill development for the entire working-age population. Without equitable access and a focus on relevant skills, privatization alone cannot ensure that the demographic dividend is fully realized.