Correct Option
A demographic dividend refers to the accelerated economic growth that can result from a decline in a country's birth and death rates and the subsequent shift in the age structure of the population. This shift leads to a larger proportion of the population being in the working-age group (typically 15-64 years) compared to the dependent age groups (below 15 years and above 65 years). India is considered to have a demographic dividend because a significant portion of its population falls within this economically productive age bracket, offering a potential boost to economic growth through increased labor supply, higher savings, and greater investment.
Incorrect Options
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Option (A): A high population in the age group below 15 years represents a large youth dependency ratio. This group is typically not economically productive and requires investment in education, health, and welfare, thus increasing the burden on the working-age population rather than contributing to a dividend.
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Option (C): A high population in the age group above 65 years signifies an aging population and a high old-age dependency ratio. This group is generally retired and relies on the working population for support, including pensions and healthcare, which can strain economic resources rather than provide a dividend.
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Option (D): A high total population alone does not guarantee a demographic dividend. The key factor is the age structure of the population, specifically the proportion of the working-age population relative to the dependent population. A large total population with a high dependency ratio would not yield a demographic advantage.