Correct Option
The schemes of (i) Urban Micro-Enterprises, (ii) Urban Wage Employment, and (iii) Housing and Shelter Upgradation were integral components of the Nehru Rozgar Yojana (NRY). Launched in 1989, the NRY was an urban employment generation program aimed at providing gainful employment opportunities to the urban unemployed and underemployed poor. Its three main components were:
- Scheme of Urban Micro-Enterprises (SUME): Focused on promoting self-employment among the urban poor through financial assistance for setting up micro-enterprises.
- Scheme of Urban Wage Employment (SUWE): Aimed at providing wage employment by creating community assets and infrastructure in urban areas.
- Scheme of Housing and Shelter Upgradation (SHSU): Designed to improve the housing conditions and provide basic amenities for the urban poor.
Incorrect Options
- Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP): This program, launched in 1978-79, was a major anti-poverty initiative focused on rural areas. Its objective was to provide financial assistance to rural families living below the poverty line for productive assets and self-employment, primarily in agriculture and allied activities. It did not target urban employment or shelter.
- Jawahar Rojgar Yojana (JRY): Launched in 1989, JRY was a significant rural wage employment program. Its primary aim was to generate additional gainful employment for the unemployed and underemployed in rural areas, particularly for those living below the poverty line, through the creation of economic infrastructure and community assets. It was not an urban scheme.
- Prime Minister's Rojgar Yojana (PMRY): Launched in 1993, PMRY aimed at providing self-employment opportunities to educated unemployed youth in both urban and rural areas. It focused on assisting beneficiaries in setting up self-employment ventures in industry, service, and business sectors through financial loans. While it covered urban areas, it did not comprise the three specific schemes mentioned in the question.