Correct Option (B)
TheBhumisparsha Mudra, or "Earth-Touching Gesture," is depicted with the Buddha's right hand touching the ground. This gesture symbolizes the moment of Buddha's enlightenment under the Bodhi tree. At this juncture, Mara, the demon of temptation, challenged Buddha's right to attain enlightenment. In response, Buddha called upon the Earth as a witness to his steadfastness, purity, and accumulated merits, thereby overcoming Mara's temptations and achieving enlightenment. Therefore, it represents theEarth witnessing his purity and resolve.
Incorrect Options
Option A: This option partially describes the context but misrepresents the primary symbolism. The mudra signifies the Earth witnessing Buddha's worthiness and purity, rather than the Earth actively watching over Mara to prevent disturbance. The core meaning is about validation of Buddha's spiritual attainments.
Option C: This interpretation is incorrect. The Bhumisparsha Mudra does not symbolize the transitory nature of life or the cycle of arising from and dissolving into the Earth. Its specific meaning is linked to the moment of enlightenment and the defeat of Mara.
Option D: Since Option A does not fully and accurately capture the core symbolism of the Bhumisparsha Mudra, and Option B provides a precise explanation, stating that both A and B are correct would be inaccurate.