Correct Option
The correct option is D. Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana
[as per provisional answerkey]Explanation
Pandit Mallikarjun Mansur (1910–1992) was a pre-eminent Indian classical vocalist in the Khayal style of Hindustani classical music. His musical lineage and style are defined by the following characteristics:
- Gharana Affiliation: He was a celebrated exponent of the Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana. This school of music was founded by Ustad Alladiya Khan and is known for its complex melodic structures and unique ragas.
- Musical Training: Mansur initially trained under Neelkanth Bua Alurmath of the Gwalior Gharana. However, his definitive style was shaped under the tutelage of Ustad Alladiya Khan’s sons, Manji Khan and Bhurji Khan, who belonged to the Jaipur-Atrauli tradition.
- Stylistic Features: The Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana is distinguished by its mastery over Anubhat (rare) and Jod (compound) ragas, a steady medium-tempo (Madhyalaya) rhythm, and a seamless integration of swara and laya.
- Recognition: For his contributions to classical music, he was honored with all three Padma awards: Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Vibhushan.
Analysis of other options:
- Agra Gharana: Known for its emphasis on Nom-Tom alap and rhythmic play; prominent exponents include Ustad Faiyaz Khan.
- Gwalior Gharana: Considered the oldest Khyal gharana; characterized by simplicity and lucidity. While Mansur had early training here, he is primarily identified with Jaipur-Atrauli.
- Patiala Gharana: Known for its intricate taans and thumri; prominent exponents include Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan.
Pandit Mallikarjun Mansur is a legendary figure of the Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana, having mastered its complex and rare ragas under the lineage of Ustad Alladiya Khan.