With reference to traditional methods of irrigation, consider the following statements: 1. They typically use cattle or human labour. 2. They are generally more efficient than modern methods. 3. Moat and Rahat are examples of traditional irrigation systems. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

NCERT Class 8 Science — Chapter 1: Crop production and management

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With reference to traditional methods of irrigation, consider the following statements:

They typically use cattle or human labour.
They are generally more efficient than modern methods.
Moat and Rahat are examples of traditional irrigation systems.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Official previous-year question

Verified 1 Aug 2026.

Options

A1 and 2 only
B2 only
C1 and 3 only
D1, 2 and 3

Did you get this right?

Solution

The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.

Explanation

Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil to assist in the growth of agricultural crops. Traditional methods of irrigation refer to older systems that lift water from wells, lakes, or canals without the use of modern electricity-driven pumps or high-tech distribution networks.

Statement 1 is Correct: Traditional irrigation methods, such as the Moat (pulley system), Chain pump, Dhekli, and Rahat (Lever system), rely heavily on cattle or human labour to operate the mechanisms for lifting water. Consequently, these methods are cheaper but more labour-intensive.

Statement 2 is Incorrect: Traditional methods are less efficient than modern methods. They often result in significant water wastage due to uneven distribution and evaporation. Modern methods, such as Sprinkler and Drip irrigation, are designed to maximize water-use efficiency and reduce wastage.

Statement 3 is Correct: Moat (a pulley system used to pull water from a well) and Rahat (a lever system often driven by oxen/cattle) are classic examples of traditional irrigation systems historically used in Indian agriculture.

Key Takeaway: Traditional irrigation systems are characterized by the use of animal or human labour and lower efficiency, whereas modern systems focus on water conservation and precision.

Your note

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The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.

Explanation

Key Takeaway: Traditional irrigation systems are characterized by the use of animal or human labour and lower efficiency, whereas modern systems focus on water conservation and precision.