The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Water is a fundamental requirement for plant physiological processes, including germination, nutrient transport, and temperature regulation. The water needs of crops vary significantly based on the crop type, growth stage, and season.
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Paddy (rice) is a water-intensive crop that typically requires standing water in the fields. It is primarily a Kharif crop, grown during the rainy season (monsoon), rather than the winter season. Crops grown in the winter season are termed Rabi crops (e.g., wheat).
- Statement 2 is Correct: In the summer season, high temperatures lead to an increased rate of evaporation from the soil and transpiration from plant leaves. To compensate for this rapid water loss and prevent wilting, the frequency of irrigation is generally higher compared to other seasons.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Water is essential for seed germination. It softens the seed coat and activates the enzymes required for metabolic activities. Therefore, germination cannot take place under dry conditions; moisture is a prerequisite for the process to begin.
Key Takeaway: Paddy is a Kharif crop requiring abundant water. Water is indispensable for activating enzymes during seed germination, and irrigation frequency is directly proportional to the rate of evapotranspiration driven by seasonal temperatures.