The correct option is 1 and 3 only
Explanation
Petroleum is a dark, oily liquid consisting of various constituents such as petroleum gas, petrol, diesel, lubricating oil, paraffin wax, etc. These constituents are separated through the process of refining (fractional distillation) based on their boiling points and carbon chain lengths.
Analysis of the Pairs:
- Pair 1 is correctly matched: Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is obtained during the refining of petroleum. It is widely used as a fuel for homes (domestic cylinders) and industries due to its high calorific value and clean burning properties.
- Pair 2 is incorrectly matched: Petrol (Gasoline) is primarily used as a fuel for light motor vehicles such as motorcycles, scooters, and cars. It is also used as a solvent for dry cleaning and as aviation fuel. Heavy motor vehicles like trucks and tractors typically use diesel, not petrol.
- Pair 3 is correctly matched: Diesel is used as a fuel for heavy motor vehicles (trucks, buses, tractors) and for running electric generators. It provides higher torque and efficiency required for heavy-duty engines compared to petrol.
Key Takeaway: Petrol is utilized for light motor vehicles and as a solvent, whereas Diesel is reserved for heavy motor vehicles and electric generators due to its energy density and combustion characteristics.