Correct Option
The correct option is (a).
Explanation
The structural framework and election mechanism of Panchayati Raj Institutions are governed by the provisions of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, and the respective State Panchayati Raj Acts enacted by State Legislatures.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: For the purpose of constituting the Gram Panchayat, the village area is divided into smaller territorial constituencies known as wards. This ensures representation from different sections of the village.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Each ward serves as a constituency that elects one representative through direct election. This representative is commonly known as the Ward Member or Panch.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: According to Article 243C of the Constitution, the Chairperson of a Panchayat at the village level (Sarpanch) is elected in such a manner as the Legislature of a State may, by law, provide. Consequently, the method varies across states; in some states, the Sarpanch is elected directly by the entire electorate (Gram Sabha), while in others, they are elected indirectly by the Ward Members. Therefore, it is not mandated to be solely by the elected Ward Members.
Key Takeaway: While members of a Panchayat at all levels must be directly elected from territorial constituencies, the mode of election for the Chairperson at the village level is left to the discretion of the State Legislature (direct or indirect), unlike the intermediate and district levels where indirect election is mandatory.