The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Stomata are minute structures located in the epidermis of leaves and young stems, playing a critical role in the physiological processes of plants, particularly in the regulation of water and gas exchange.
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Stomata are tiny pores (microscopic openings), not large openings. Furthermore, they are primarily present on the leaves and young stems of plants. They are generally absent from roots; roots possess root hairs for the absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Stomata are the primary sites for transpiration, which is the evaporative loss of water in the form of water vapor from the aerial parts of the plant. The opening and closing of stomata regulate the rate of transpiration.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Stomata facilitate the exchange of gases between the plant and the atmosphere. They allow the entry of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) required for photosynthesis and the release of oxygen ($O_2$) produced as a byproduct. They also facilitate gas exchange during respiration.
Key Takeaway: Stomata are microscopic pores found on the epidermis of leaves and stems that regulate transpiration and facilitate gaseous exchange ($CO_2$ and $O_2$). They are not found on roots.