Correct Option
The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Diffusion is the physical process where particles of different substances intermix on their own due to their random motion. It is a fundamental property of matter arising from the intrinsic kinetic energy of particles.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Diffusion is a spontaneous process. It occurs naturally due to the random movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. It does not require external mechanical force (such as stirring) to initiate the intermixing, although mechanical force can accelerate the distribution.
- Statement 2 is Correct. The rate of diffusion is directly dependent on temperature. An increase in temperature provides particles with higher kinetic energy, causing them to move more vigorously. This increased speed leads to a faster rate of intermixing.
- Statement 3 is Correct. Matter in various states can diffuse into liquids. Solids (e.g., sugar or salt crystals) and liquids (e.g., ink or alcohol) can diffuse into other liquids (e.g., water). Gases also diffuse into liquids, a process vital for aquatic life (e.g., dissolved oxygen in water).
Key Takeaway: Diffusion is a spontaneous, temperature-dependent process driven by the kinetic energy of particles, allowing solids, liquids, and gases to dissolve and intermix within fluid media.