Correct Option
The correct option is (a).
Explanation
The solar system comprises eight planets classified into inner (terrestrial) and outer (Jovian) planets. Their orbital periods depend on their distance from the Sun, and their physical features, such as rings and composition, vary significantly between the two groups.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Venus is widely referred to as "Earth’s twin" because it is remarkably similar to Earth in size, mass, density, and bulk composition. Its diameter is only slightly smaller than that of Earth.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and has the shortest orbital period, completing one revolution in approximately 88 Earth days. Neptune, being the farthest known planet from the Sun, takes the longest time to complete one orbit (about 165 Earth years).
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: While Saturn has the most spectacular and easily visible ring system, it is not the only planet with rings. All four outer planets-Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune-possess ring systems. The rings of Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune are much fainter and harder to observe than Saturn's.
Key Takeaway: Venus is physically similar to Earth (Earth's twin); orbital period increases with distance from the Sun (Mercury is fastest); and all Jovian planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) have ring systems.