The correct option is (b).
Explanation
The physical nature of matter is defined by the particulate theory. According to this theory, matter is not a single continuous piece but is composed of tiny discrete particles (atoms or molecules). These particles possess specific characteristics regarding their arrangement, spacing, and motion.
Statement 1 is Incorrect:
Matter is not continuous like a block of wood; rather, it is particulate in nature, similar to grains of sand. This is evidenced by phenomena such as the dissolution of salt or sugar in water, where particles of the solute occupy the spaces between particles of the solvent, indicating a discrete structure.
Statement 2 is Correct:
The particles of matter have intermolecular spaces (voids) between them. The extent of this spacing varies across different states of matter-it is minimum in solids, intermediate in liquids, and maximum in gases-but it is a fundamental property of matter.
Statement 3 is Incorrect:
Particles of matter are not stationary; they are in a state of continuous motion and possess kinetic energy. In solids, particles vibrate about their mean positions, while in liquids and gases, they move more freely. This motion is observable in phenomena such as diffusion and Brownian motion.
Key Takeaway:
Matter is particulate, not continuous. Its constituent particles possess intermolecular spaces and are constantly moving or vibrating due to their kinetic energy.