The correct option is 1 only
Explanation
The Malwa School of Painting is categorized under the broader umbrella of Rajasthani miniature painting, although it geographically flourished in the Central Indian region (modern-day Madhya Pradesh). It is characterized by its conservative style, bold use of colors, and resistance to Mughal naturalism.
Statement 1 is Correct:
Unlike other major Rajasthani schools (such as Mewar, Bundi, or Kishangarh) which are anchored to specific princely capitals, the Malwa School defies a precise center of origin. Art historians associate it with a vast territory in Central India, including Mandu, Narsinghgarh, and parts of Bundelkhand, rather than a single court.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
The mural paintings found in the Datia Palace (Bundelkhand) exhibit a strong stylistic connection to Malwa works on paper. The murals and miniatures share similar aesthetic principles, indicating that the Malwa style was not limited to paper but also influenced architectural ornamentation in the region.
Statement 3 is Incorrect:
The Malwa School is distinct for its lack of royal portraiture. While other Rajasthani courts adopted the Mughal practice of commissioning portraits of rulers, the Malwa School remained focused on illustrating literary and religious texts, such as the Rasikapriya, Amaru Shataka, and Ragamala series.
Key Takeaway:
The Malwa School of Painting is unique for its decentralized origin across Central India, its stylistic affinity with Datia murals, and its exclusive focus on illustrating poetic texts rather than producing portraits of patrons.