Correct Option
The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Matter in the liquid state is characterized by particles that are close together but capable of moving past one another. This arrangement results from intermolecular forces that are weaker than in solids but stronger than in gases, imparting specific physical properties regarding shape, volume, and fluidity.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Liquids possess a definite volume because the intermolecular forces are strong enough to keep the particles bound together. However, they do not have a fixed shape; the particles can slide over one another, causing the liquid to take the shape of the container in which it is placed.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Rigidity refers to the property of a substance to maintain its shape when subjected to outside force. Solids are rigid. Liquids, conversely, are not rigid; they are classified as fluids because they have the ability to flow and change shape.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The rate of diffusion in liquids is higher than in solids. This is because particles in the liquid state move freely and have greater inter-particle space compared to the tightly packed and fixed particles in the solid state.
Key Takeaway
Liquids are fluids with a fixed volume but no fixed shape. They exhibit higher diffusion rates than solids due to the free movement and larger spacing of their constituent particles.