The correct option is 2 only.
Explanation
Population distribution is influenced by a combination of geographical factors (such as topography, climate, and soil) and economic factors (such as industrialization, urbanization, and mineral deposits). While fertile plains historically attract settlements, modern high-density regions are often driven by economic opportunities.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. While the Kobe-Osaka region is situated on coastal plains, its status as a thickly populated region is not primarily due to agriculture or fertile alluvial soil. Japan has limited arable land, and the extremely high population density in this specific corridor is a result of urbanization and economic activities rather than agrarian potential.
- Statement 2 is Correct. The Kobe-Osaka region (often referred to as the Hanshin Industrial Region) is a classic example of the impact of industrialization on population distribution. Industrial belts provide employment opportunities in factories, transport, and associated services (banking, healthcare, education), which attract large numbers of people, leading to high population density.
Key Takeaway
Industrialization acts as a powerful economic determinant of population distribution. It can create zones of high population density by attracting migrants for employment, even in areas where agricultural potential may not be the primary sustaining factor.