The correct option is (a).
Explanation
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre was a pivotal event in the history of the Indian freedom struggle, marking a turning point in British-Indian relations. It occurred in the context of protests against the repressive Rowlatt Act.
Statement 1 is Correct: The massacre took place on 13 April 1919, which coincided with the festival of Baisakhi. A large crowd had gathered at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, some to protest against the arrest of leaders Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satyapal, and others to celebrate the festival.
Statement 2 is Correct: The atrocities were inflicted under the command of Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer. He entered the area, blocked the only exit points, and ordered his troops to fire on the unarmed crowd without warning, resulting in hundreds of deaths.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred in 1919, whereas the Non-Cooperation Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920. In fact, the massacre was one of the primary causes that led to the launch of the Non-Cooperation Movement; it did not happen during the movement.
Key Takeaway: The Jallianwala Bagh massacre (April 1919) was a direct consequence of the protests against the Rowlatt Act and served as a precursor to the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–1922).