The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Diffusion is the spontaneous intermixing of particles of two different types of matter. The rate of diffusion depends primarily on the kinetic energy of the particles and the intermolecular spaces available. In general, the state of matter with higher particle mobility diffuses faster.
Statement 1 is Incorrect
Gases from the atmosphere, particularly oxygen and carbon dioxide, do diffuse and dissolve in water. This natural diffusion across the air-water interface is a continuous process and is fundamental to the chemistry of aquatic environments.
Statement 2 is Correct
The oxygen that diffuses into water (dissolved oxygen) is essential for the respiration of aquatic animals. Without this dissolved oxygen, survival for most aquatic life forms would be impossible.
Statement 3 is Correct
The rate of diffusion is directly proportional to the speed of the particles. Gas particles possess significantly higher kinetic energy and move much faster than the particles of solids. Consequently, gases diffuse into a liquid medium at a higher rate than solids do (which must first detach from their lattice structure and move slower).
Key Takeaway
The rate of diffusion follows the order: Gases > Liquids > Solids. This hierarchy exists because gas particles have the highest kinetic energy and largest intermolecular spaces, allowing them to intermix most rapidly.